CAMERA ANGLE / MOVEMENT/EDITING/SOUND

CAMERA ANGLE / MOVEMENT/EDITING/SOUND

TERM	MEANS
Wide Shot / Establishing Shot	Where setting is shown (lots of space)
Mid Shot	Shows top half of people but not close up
Two Shot	Shows 2 people (usually as a MID SHOT)
Close Up (and/or Reaction Shot)	Shows detail up close (ie, head & shoulders)
Over-the-shoulder-shot	Usually see one person confronting another
Low Angle	Camera looks up from below
High Angle / Aerial Shot	Camera looks down from above
Point of View Shot	The camera shows what a character sees
Tilt / Canted / Oblique	Frame is tilted to disorientate
Zoom	Use of Zoom lens to focus closely or move away without moving camera
Crane Shot	When camera is lifted away and upwards, indicates end of show/scene
Track / Tracking / Panning	Camera follows something moving and/or shows setting

 

EDITING – moving from one frame to another

TERM	MEANS
Fast Cut	for fast pace – is a cut every 5-6 seconds
Continuity / Invisible	aims to create a sense of reality and time moving forward, very subtle
Mix Cut	means an overlap of scenes
Fade Cut	suggests passing of time
Dissolve Cut	suggests flashback, dream sequence
Fade to Black Cut	suggests end
Wipe Cut	Pulls/pushes scenes like a windscreen wiper, popular in 1950s films.
Split screen Cut / Cross Cutting	used to show 2 scenes at same time (2 people on the phone).
Jump Cut	is when a shot follows a very different one (long to close up) which shocks viewer, the image ‘jumps’ out at them.
Freeze Frame	the effect of seemingly stopping a film in order to focus in on one event or element.
Eye Line Match	cuts from one character to what that character has been looking at.
Flashback	a scene or moment in a film in which the audience is shown an event that happened earlier in the film’s narrative
Graphic Match	two different objects of the same shape are dissolved from one into the other.
Montage	the juxtaposition of seemingly unconnected images in order to create meaning.
Visual Effects	visual effects are usually used to alter previously-filmed elements by adding, removing or enhancing objects within the scene.

LIGHTING

TERM	MEANS
Background	lights background of set
Cameo	Spot light, especially on the face
Fill	gives slight light to darker areas (reduces contrast)
High	where it is so bright there are no shadows
Low	offers a silhouette around objects (fine line of light around them)

SOUND

TERM	MEANS
Diegetic sound	any sound in the scene whose source is justified by something the scene, whether actually seen or not (i.e., a phone ringing, a siren in the distance, footsteps, a slamming door, an airplane going overhead, a band playing, etc.)
Non-Diegetic	any sound superimposed on the scene (i.e., score music, voice-over narration, etc.)
Sound Effects	sounds that are added to a film during the post-production stage.